Presentations

• We think of CO2 as the greenhouse gas (GHG) causing global warming.
• The Stern Report and the several IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) reports are gaining acceptance.
• In its most recent report (AR4 Synthesis Report November 17, 2007) the IPCC has written: Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.
• The report goes further to say: Most of the observed increase in globallyaveraged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations.
• The Supreme Court on April 2, 2007 in a 5 to 4 decision decided that CO2 was a pollutant and the EPA could regulate auto emissions of the GHG (Chemical & Engineering News, April 3, 2007).

The simulation evaluation concluded that gravity stable CO2 flooding can be an effective EOR method for the Grieve Muddy reservoir. Up to 23 MMBO could ultimately be recovered by gravity stable CO2 flooding. The reservoir has potential to sequester more than 145 BSCF of CO2 at the end of CO2 flooding operation. Prior to the simulation of history matching and CO2 flooding, a four-layer Petrel model of Grieve Muddy reservoir was developed based on the identified facies in the Muddy channel sand and the overlain sandstone interval of bay-head delta deposition. Porosity and permeability distributions of layers generated in the Petrel model were exported to the simulation model. An OOIP estimation of 67 MMBO in Grieve Muddy channel sand has resulted from a simulation history matching based on the full-field material balance. History matching also reveals that about one MMSTBO of oil and 8.2 BSCF of gas have moved down from the overlain low-permeability sandstone interval into the Muddy channel sand interval during the reservoir depletion.

• The thermodynamic characterization of reservoir and injected fluids allows us to perform rigorous analyses of the oil recovery processes.
• A continuous program that will reveal important factors that are still unknown or not well understood and affecting the efficiency of oil recovery.
• A synthesis of theoretical and experimental components.